FUNJ SULTANATE

FUNJ SULTANATE. In about 1500, after several turbulent centuries of transition in Nubia, a new Islamic government reunited much of the northern Nile-valley Sudan in […]

FUNERARY RITES

FUNERARY RITES. [To articulate religious values and traditions reflected in funerary rites in modern Islamic societies, this entry comprises two articles: Legal Foundations and Modern […]

FUNDAMENTALISM

FUNDAMENTALISM. The activist affirmation of a particular faith that defines that faith in an absolutist and literalist manner is termed fundamentalism. It involves the effort […]

FRANCE

FRANCE. Owing to the forty years of Muslim domination of the southern part of the country during the eighth century, France came into contact with […]

FITNAH

FITNAH. The Arabic root f-t-n means “burn.” It is used also of melting gold or silver with fire, to try them. Hence it is both […]

FIDA’IYAN-I ISLAM

The religio-political organization known as the Fida’iyan-i Islam (Devotees of Islam) was created in 1945 in Tehran by Sayyid Mujtaba Navvab Safavi. Born in 1923, […]

FEZ

The city of Fez in northern Morocco is the most prominent legacy of the Islamic Idrisid Dynasty (788974 CE). The first capital and Islamic spiritual […]

SHAISTA IKRAMULLAH

Begum Shaista Ikramullah, the first female representative of the first Constituent Assembly of Pakistan (1947), Pakistan’s former Ambassador to Morocco, mother-in-law of Jordan’s Crown Prince, […]

Abdumalik Bahori

Abdumalik Bahori (March 22.1927-Dec.3 ,2010)was children poet and the first Tajik fiction writer. He was born in the middle-class family who worked in the field […]