BEKTASHIYAH. This Sufi order became widespread in the Ottoman Empire and today has communities in Turkey, in Albanian regions of the Balkans, and among Albanian […]
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BAZARGAN, MEHDI
BAZARGAN, MEHDI (1 September 1907 – 20 January 1995), Iranian Muslim modernist and reformer, regarded as one of the major voices of Islamic opposition in […]
BAZAAR
BAZAAR. The Persian word for “market” (bazar) refers to a range of economic and architectural forms from covered bazaars, periodic rural markets, and small neighborhood […]
BAY’AH
BAY’AH. An unwritten contract or a pact, a bay’ah involves a recognition of, and an oath of allegiance to, a caliph, a ruler, a king, […]
BATH PARTIES
BATH PARTIES. The Arab Socialist Bath Party (Hizb al-Ba’th al-`Arabi al-Ishtiraki) was founded in Syria in the early 1940s by militants of the Ihya’ al’Arabi […]
BASMACHIS
BASMACHIS. The term “Basmachi” was applied by Russians to opponents of the Bolsheviks who were active in Central Asia between the Russian Revolution and the […]
BARELWI SAYYID AHMAD
SAYYID AHMAD BARELWI SHAHEED, (1786-1831), North Indian activist and leader of jihad. Born in Rai Bareilly in the old Mughal province of Awadh in north […]
BANNA’, HASAN AL
HASAN AL BANNA (1906-1949), founder of the Muslim Brotherhood and author of Majmu’at al-rasa’il (Letters) and Mudhakkirat al-da`wah wa-al-da` iyah (Memories of the Message and […]