CAMBODIA. The great Angkor civilization that began in the eighth century and survived until the seventeenth was centered in present-day Cambodia. It was followed by […]
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CALLIGRAPHY AND EPIGRAPHY
CALLIGRAPHY AND EPIGRAPHY. The art most cherished by Muslims throughout history has been calligraphy. A saying attributed to the Prophet claims that a person who […]
CALIPH
CALIPH. The Arabic word khalifah (vicegerent, deputy, or successor) is one of the titles-others included imam (leader, particularly of prayer) and amir almu’minin (commander of […]
BURHANUDDIN, SAYYIDNA MUHAMMAD
BURHANUDDIN, SAYYIDNA MUHAMMAD (b. AH 1333/1915 CE), head of the Da’udi Bohra Isma’ili community and fifty-second occupant of the office of da`i mutlaq (“absolute summoner”). […]
BUNYAD
BUNYAD. Dehkhoda’s Dictionary of Persian Vocabularies defines the term bunyad as “base, root, origin, and foundation.” In this article, bunyad refers to a certain type […]
BUKHARA KHANATE
BUKHARA KHANATE. This important Central Asian state existed for nearly four centuries until 1920. It had its roots in the conquest of Ma Ward’ al-Nahr […]