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PAN-TURANISM

PAN-TURANISM. The nationalist ideology known as Turkism or Pan-Turkism, and also called Pan-Turanism or Turanianism, began to emerge in Turkey during the Young Turk era […]

PAN-ISLAM

PAN-ISLAM. Since about 1878, the European appellation, for the ideology calling all Muslims to unite in support of their faith has been Pan-Islam. As a […]

PAMPHLETS AND TRACTS

PAMPHLETS AND TRACTS. Although religious pamphlets and tracts are a worldwide phenomenon in Islam, this article concentrates on their presence in the Arab world. To […]

PALESTINE LIBERATION ORGANIZATION

PALESTINE LIBERATION ORGANIZATION. The recognized representative of the Palestinian people, the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) was established in 1964 in Jerusalem. Its first leader, the […]

WEST BANK AND GAZA

WEST BANK AND GAZA. The territories west of the Jordan River, lost by Jordan in the 1967 war with Israel, are known as the West […]

PAKISTAN

PAKISTAN. The Islamic Republic of Pakistan, with a population of 122.8 million (1993 estimate), is the second largest Muslim nation in the world. Although they […]

PAINTING

PAINTING. With very few exceptions, there is no tradition of figural imagery in a religious context in Islam. Religious structures have been lavishly decorated with […]

PAHLAVI, REZA SHAH

PAHLAVI, REZA SHAH (15 March 1878 – 26 July 1944), Iranian monarch and founder of the Pahlavi dynasty. Of modest origins and without a formal education, […]