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SADR, MOSA AL

SADR, MOSA AL- (4 June 1928 – disappeared in Libya on 31 August 1978), Iranian-born Shi’i cleric of Lebanese descent who made an indelible mark […]

PHILOSOPHY

PHILOSOPHY. From its genesis twelve hundred years ago to today, Islamic philosophy (al-hikmah; alfalsafah) has been one of the major intellectual traditions within the Islamic […]

PHILIPPINES

PHILIPPINES. In 1990. the Muslim population of the Philippines comprised between five and six million, or about 8.5 percent of the country’s sixty-six million inhabitants. […]

PESANTREN

PESANTREN. A type of school in Southeast Asia offering second-level training in Islamic subjects is termed pesantren on Java, surau on Sumatra, pondok on the […]

PERSIAN LITERATURE

PERSIAN LITERATURE is a body of poetic and other literary works created principally, but not exclusively, in Iran. Beyond the present political boundaries of Iran […]

PERKIM

PERKIM. An acronym for Pertubuhan Kebajikan Islam SeMalaysia, or All Malaysia Muslim Welfare Association, PERKIM was founded in 1960 by the first prime minister of […]

PERIODICAL LITERATURE

PERIODICAL LITERATURE. It is a prodigious, if not impossible, exercise to circumscribe “Islamic periodical literature.” The tradition of Orientalist scholarship long employed the term “Arabic […]

PEOPLE OF THE BOOK

PEOPLE OF THE BOOK. Qur’anic in origin, the term ahl al-kitdb refers mainly to Jews, Christians, and (less frequently) the Sabaeans as possessors of previous […]

PENAL LAW

The body of law dealing with wrongs that are punishable by the state with the object of deterrence is known as criminal law. Islamic criminal […]

PARTNI UNITED LIBERATION ORGANIZATION

PARTNI UNITED LIBERATION ORGANIZATION. A Muslim separatist organization in Thailand, the Patani United Liberation Organization (PULO) was established in 1968 by Tenku Bira Kotanila, who […]