Category: M

MAURITANIA

MAURITANIA. The place of Mauritania in the Islamic history of the Maghrib dates at least from the birth of the Almoravid dynasty, but it was […]

MATHEMATICS

MATHEMATICS. The mathematical sciences occupy a prominent place in Islamic intellectual history. Historically called `ulum riyadiyah or ta’limiyah (pedagogic mathematics), they comprised the four main […]

MASYUMI

MASJUMI. One of Indonesia’s main political parties during the period of parliamentary democracy in the 1950s, the Masjumi (also spelled Masyumi under the new system […]

MARYAM JAMEELAH

MARYAM JAMEELAH (May 23, 1934 – October 31, 2012), revivalist ideologist. Maryam Jameelah was born Margaret Marcus to a Jewish family in New Rochelle, New […]

MARTYRDOM

MARTYRDOM. Islam accords a special status to those who lose or sacrifice their lives in the service of their religion. This is clear from the […]

MARJA` AL-TAQLID

MARJA` AL-TAQLID. The term marja al-taglid designates the highest ranking authorities of the Twelver Shi`i community. They are usually few in number. In local or […]

MARAGHI, MUSTAFA AL

MARAGHI, MUSTAFA AL- (1881-1945), Egyptian reformist and rector of al-Azhar (1928-1929 and 1935-1945) Shaykh Mustafa al-Maraghi is the link between the reforms of his mentor […]

MAMLUK STATE

MAMLUK STATE. A regime controlled by slave soldiers (sg. mamluk, pl. mamalik; “one owned”) governed Egypt, Syria, southeastern Asia Minor, and western Arabia (al-Hijaz; the […]

MALKOM KHAN

MALKOM KHAN (1833/34-1908), or Malkom Khan, an enigmatic figure in late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Iranian history. He was an advocate of progress and reform, […]

MALI

MALI. The region now within the Republic of Mali has been exposed to Islam for more than nine hundred years. In present-day Mali the Islamic […]