Category: Encyclopedia

MARRIAGE AND DIVORCE

MARRIAGE AND DIVORCE. [To articulate religious values and traditions reflected in marriage and divorce in modern Islamic societies, this entry comprises two articles: Legal Foundations […]

MARJA` AL-TAQLID

MARJA` AL-TAQLID. The term marja al-taglid designates the highest ranking authorities of the Twelver Shi`i community. They are usually few in number. In local or […]

MARAGHI, MUSTAFA AL

MARAGHI, MUSTAFA AL- (1881-1945), Egyptian reformist and rector of al-Azhar (1928-1929 and 1935-1945) Shaykh Mustafa al-Maraghi is the link between the reforms of his mentor […]

MAMLUK STATE

MAMLUK STATE. A regime controlled by slave soldiers (sg. mamluk, pl. mamalik; “one owned”) governed Egypt, Syria, southeastern Asia Minor, and western Arabia (al-Hijaz; the […]

MALKOM KHAN

MALKOM KHAN (1833/34-1908), or Malkom Khan, an enigmatic figure in late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Iranian history. He was an advocate of progress and reform, […]

MALI

MALI. The region now within the Republic of Mali has been exposed to Islam for more than nine hundred years. In present-day Mali the Islamic […]

MALCOLM X

MALCOLM X (May 19, 1925 – February 21, 1965), born Malcolm Little, also known as El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz; African American Muslim leader, civil and human rights advocate, Pan-Africanist […]

MALAYSIA

MALAYSIA. The Malay Peninsula before the imposition of British rule in the late nineteenth century was made up of traditional Malay states under the control […]

MAJLISI, MUHAMMAD BAQIR AL

MAJLISI, MUHAMMAD BAQIR AL- (1616-1698/1700), leading Iranian Shi’i scholar of the late Safavid period. He was born in Isfahan, the capital of the Safavid state, […]