Category: Encyclopedia

TERRORISM

TERRORISM is the deliberate, unjustifiable, and random use of violence for political ends against protected persons. Obviously, there is no inextricable connection between Islam, or […]

TA’ZIYAH

TA’ZIYAH. The Shi`i passion play called ta’ziyah is the only serious drama ever developed in the Islamic world, except for contemporary Western theater. Ta`ztyah (from […]

Tazir

Tazir  refers to punishment for offenses at the discretion of the judge (Qadi) or ruler of the state. It is one of three major types […]

TAXATION

TAXATION. Islam makes specific provision for taxation, the payment of which is viewed as a religious duty. The most important tax is zakdt, a tax […]

TAWHID

TAWHID. An Arabic term meaning literally “making one” or “unifying,” is considered by many twentieth century Islamic activists to be the axial or defining doctrine […]

TAQWA

TAQWA. A crucial Islamic concept, taqwa essentially signifies “god-consciousness” and “godfearing” and, by extension, “piety,” with which it seems to have a partially comparable semantic […]

TAQLID

TAQLID. Discussions of reform movements in modern Islam frequently depict these movements as aimed primarily at the eradication of a frame of mind called taghd […]

TAQIYAH

TAQIYAH is the precautionary dissimulation of religious belief and practice in the face of persecution. All Muslims recognize the personal duty of affirming right and […]

TANZIMAT

TANZIMAT. The Turkish term Tanzimat (“regulation”) denotes a period of social and political reform that transformed the Ottoman Empire by integrating into it institutions deliberately […]