The expelling of the fetus from the womb before the period of gestation, abortion has ethical and legal implications in practically all societies, irrespective of […]
Category: Encyclopedia
ABDURRAHMAN WAHID
ABDURRAHMAN WAHID (7 September 1940 – 30 December 2009) the articale need changes as ABDURRAHMAN WAHID died. ———————————————————————- , Indonesian Islamic thinker, writer, and […]
ABDUL HAMID II
ABDULHAMID II (1842-1918), thirty-fourth Ottoman sultan (r. 1876-1909). A profound political and economic crisis brought Abdiilhamid II to the throne. Since 1839 the open-door policy […]
ABDUH, MUHAMMAD
ABDUH, MUHAMMAD (1849-1905), Egyptian scholar and reformer regarded as the architect of Islamic modernism. The birth year of Muhammad `Abduh coincided with the death of […]
ABD EL-KRIM
ABD EL-KRIM (1882-1963), more fully, Muhammad ibn `Abd al-Karim al-Khattabi, Moroccan leader of the Rif Rebellion (1921-1926) and Islamic reformer. Abd el-Krim was the eldest […]
ABD AL-RAZZAQ AL-SANHURI
`ABD AL-RAZZAQ AL-SANHURI (1895-1971), Egyptian jurist, legal scholar, and architect of civil codes in several Arab countries. The academic and professional life of Sanhfiri is […]
‘ABD AL-RAZIQ, ‘ALI
‘ABD AL-RAZIQ, ‘ALI (1888-1966), Egyptian shari’ah (divine law) judge, controversial intellectual, and author of Al-Islam wa-usul al-hukm:Bathft al-khilafah wa-al-hukumah ft al-Islam (Islam and the Bases […]
`ABD AL-RAHMAN, A’ISHAH
`ABD AL-RAHMAN, A’ISHAH (b. 1913), Egyptian writer and professor of Arabic language and literature and Qur’anic studies. Under the pseudonym Bint al-Shati’ `Abd al-Rahman was […]