GUILDS once played a decisive role in the life of Arab cities in various ways: economically, they controlled production and trade; socially, they provided a […]
Tag: encyclopedia
GUARDIANSHIP
GUARDIANSHIP. The term walayah (guardianship) literally means having “contiguity to something.” The root is frequently found in Islamic religious thought: walis are “proteges” of God, […]
GROUPEMENT ISLAMIQUE EN FRANCE
GROUPEMENT ISLAMIQUE EN FRANCE. In the 1980s Islam came to the center of political debates in France and in Europe generally. Many organizations were established […]
GREAT BRITAIN
GREAT BRITAIN. Once the source of a great Christian out-migration to the colonies of the British Empire, the British Isles have in return become the […]
GOKALP, MEHMET ZIYA
GOKALP, MEHMET ZIYA (c. 1875-1924), Turkish social scientist, writer, and nationalist. Born in Diyarbakir to a family of mixed Turkish and Kurdish origins, Mehmet Ziya […]
GHAZW
GHAZW. From an Arabic word that means “to want,” ghazw came to denote expeditionary raids by bedouin tribes against a rival tribe. A corrupted version […]
GHAZALI, ZAYNAB AL
GHAZALI, ZAYNAB AL- (b. 1917), prominent writer and teacher of the Muslim Brotherhood, founder of the Muslim Women’s Association (1936-1964). The daughter of an al-Azhar-educated […]
GHAZALI, MUHAMMAD AL
GHAZALI, MUHAMMAD AL- (b. 1917), Egyptian religious scholar and former leading member of alIkhwan al-Muslimun (Muslim Brotherhood). Born in Buhayra Province, he graduated from al-Azhar […]