ATATIORK, MUSTAFA KEMAL

ATATIORK, MUSTAFA KEMAL (1881-1938), founding father of the Turkish Republic. Born of modest Turkish parentage in the cosmopolitan Ottoman port of Selanik (now Thessalonliki in […]

ATABAT

ATABAT. The Shi`i shrine cities of Iraq, Najaf, Karbala, Kazimayn, and Samarra-comprising the tombs of six of the imams-are important centers of devotion, pilgrimage, scholarship, […]

ASTRONOMY

ASTRONOMY. One of the greatest astronomers of Islam, al-Battani (the Albatenius, Albategni, or Albategnius of the Latin West, d. c.929 CE), declares that astronomy is […]

ASTROLOGY

ASTROLOGY. To say that a belief in astrology is a feature of the popular culture of the modern Islamic world is to make a trivial […]

ASHURA

`ASHURA’. The tenth day of the Muslim month of Muharram, `Ashura’ had been considered by early Muslims to be a very auspicious and joyous day, […]

ASABIYAH

ASABIYAH. Derived from the root `asab (“to bind”) and `asabah (“union”) `asabiyah refers to a sociocultural bond that can be used to measure the strength […]

ARKOUN, MOHAMMED

ARKOUN, MOHAMMED (b. 1928), Algerian Islamic scholar and writer. One of today’s leading Arab Muslim intellectuals, Arkoun is involved in the sensitive task of reinterpreting […]

ARCHITECTURE

ARCHITECTURE. [To survey the architectural forms characteristic of Islamic societies, this entry comprises two articles. The first presents an overview of the development of traditional […]